French 2D Completes Bay State Commons Cohousing, an Innovative Multifamily Complex in Greater Boston
Access Dropbox Press Kit
BOSTON, MA—Boston-based architecture studio French 2D has designed Bay State Cohousing, a typology-challenging, 45,000-square-foot collective housing complex for thirty households. Situated in Greater Boston’s city of Malden, the innovative community is the first of its type under Malden’s newly created Cohousing Zoning Ordinance, legislation that French 2D helped catalyze. The project was envisioned in collaboration with its residents - a multigenerational group of families and individuals seeking to develop alternative shared housing, support, friendship, and collective values. The participatory design process emphasized mutual support and the central values of consolidating and sharing resources from land and energy to cars and material goods.
The North American cohousing model is a form of intentional community often bringing people together around a common purpose, and is typically arranged as a collection of single-family homes surrounding a common house for community activities. In contrast with this model, French 2D’s innovative design for Bay State Cohousing could be read as a single collective house, while simultaneously functioning as a collection of 30 dwellings. Each of the units provides the amenities of a private home, embedded within a larger framework of shared spaces and resources, including communal terraces, gardens, a dining room for 100, community pantry, workspaces, and spaces for yoga, media, music, and more.
The constraints on the size of the site, coupled with the desired program, encouraged French 2D to create an ethos of abundance within limited resources. While traditionally cohousing in North America has taken advantage of horizontal spatial arrangements, in this case, the ¾-acre urban site demands a rethinking of the model. Found after years of searching, the site is steps away from both a Boston subway stop and a thriving and diverse downtown. French 2D built upwards, taking advantage of stacking and interlocking units, keeping private units small — in plans ranging from micro-studio through three-bedroom —and consolidating square footage for use by interior and exterior common spaces. The pooling of space and certain resources, while maintaining individual household ownership and separation of finances, encourages mutual aid and support between households, as well as the creation of broader extended families built upon friendship and choice.
Paths throughout the building and site provide accessible routes and common areas with richly layered interior and exterior spaces. Half of the units and common spaces overlook the interior courtyard and lawn, and have access at every level to exterior points of intersection, in which residents can naturally cross paths, and intentionally come together for mutual care and support. Rather than being about surveillance, these connections create reciprocity across multiple places for gardening, chatting, playing, reading, or lounging. Many of the community’s older residents and those with children chose these courtyard-facing units to be near to one another, to the garden in the terraced beds at the rear of the site, and to the informal playspace at the courtyard and lawn.
To reinforce desired connections, the design pays close attention to informal collective awareness. To allow for visual transparency across the community, the designers eliminated double loaded corridors, instead inventing arrangements in plan and section not typical of multi-family housing. For example, a semi-enclosed courtyard with exterior walkways seamlessly intertwines with interior corridors and embedded common spaces.. Breaks and asymmetries in plan create reciprocal connection, seen in a pair of decks at the second levels that exchange views across an open corner of the incomplete courtyard.
French 2D’s collaborative design process is based on their belief that future residents have the capacity—and should have the agency—to make major decisions about the design of their environment. Through workshops and consensus building, the designers addressed a myriad of concerns—from site access and environmental impact to the daily lives, chance meetings, and social vibrancy of its future residents.
“In a field saturated by profit-driven multifamily speculation, this project finds resonance between client-led development and architect-led experimentation. We hope this project can serve as a replicable model for alternative American housing,” say principals Jenny and Anda French, speaking about the potential for urban co-housing to be a subversive counterpoint with the housing market. “In both its conceptual core and its built reality, we have maintained that architecture is capable of pairing considered, complex form with the customs and comforts of a collective community. An open courtyard lined by stealthily coordinated single-loaded corridors, reshuffles the boundaries between private lives and common territories.”
Photography by Naho Kubota:
Photography by Raber Umphenour:
Drawings and Renderings Drawings Courtesy French 2:
Design Features + Products:
- Felt ceiling at common dining room
- Product: Linyfelt by Fräsch in French 2D custom designed pattern
- Pattern in the ceiling is the projection of possible tables shapes and arrangements below, reflecting a virtual community in its reflection
- Built in millwork nooks/banquette
- Product:Koskidecor a finish grade plywood in vibrant color palette
- The long yellow banquette at the common sinks to produce smaller seating conversation zones, intimate spaces for coffee or working at quieter times of day, “wallflower banquette”
- Additional colorful built-ins are found at intersection points throughout the building, envisioned as interior stoops or reading nooks to invite inhabitation of corridors, stairs, and entryways
- Exterior Color Palette
- Product: Benjamin Moore Paints
- Color is an essential part of exterior expression, contrasting the more subtle urban exterior with softer tones of the interior courtyard space
- A combination of pastels and vibrant accents coat walls, window frames, doors, and stair rails, echo and reimagine the Victorian-inspired ‘painted ladies’ found in neighboring historic homes
- Green roof on top of partially submerged garage
- Product: Zinco Systems
- A lawn and lightweight soil system sits between the courtyard and terraced site boundaries, concealing the partially submerged garage spaces below
Project Credits:
Project: Bay State Cohousing
Location: City of Malden/Greater Boston
Architect: French 2D, Boston, MA Team: Jenny French, (partner), Anda French, AIA (partner)
Architect of Record: Linda Neshamkin, AIA
Structural Engineer: TF Moran, Inc.
Mechanical Engineer: Norian/Siani Engineering, Inc.
Electrical Engineer: Norian/Siani Engineering, Inc.
Plumbing Engineer: Norian/Siani Engineering, Inc.
Civil Engineer: H.W. Moore Associates, a division of Hancock Associates
Geotechnical Engineer: McPhail Associates, LLC
General Contractor: Landmark Structures Corporation
Landscape Architect: CBA Landscape Architects, LLC
Any other consultants, with their roles:
Development Consultant: Urban Cohousing, Inc.
Specifications: Putnam Associates
Acoustical Consultant: Cavanaugh Tocci Associates
Energy Consultant: CLEAResult
Code Consultant: C3
Size in Square Feet: 48,700 square feet (Living Area: 33,500 sf. Underground Garage: 15,200)